Graphene, Reduced Graphene Oxide (RGO) and Graphene Oxide have been incorporated into PEM fuel cell Membrane Electrode Assemblies (MEA’s).

Graphene Oxide (GO) has been added to the MEA of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) providing additional tortuosity and hence reduced methanol permeability, the optimisation of the GO loading has led to superior performance(up to 50% improvement in power density)  when compared to a standard DMFC.

The addition of CVD graphene onto the MEA of a DMFC has demonstrated no change in proton conductivity but lower methanol permeability, supporting the hypothesis of CVD graphene as a proton conductor and again increasing the power density of the DMFC by up to 50%.