1521
(Invited) In Operando Studies of Chlorine Induced Anode Degradation in SOFCs Operating with Methane and Biogas

Tuesday, 31 May 2016: 08:00
Sapphire Ballroom E (Hilton San Diego Bayfront)
R. A. Walker, K. W. Reeping, J. Bohn (Montana State University), J. C. Owrutsky (U.S. Naval Research Laboratory), S. N. Qadri (National Research Council), J. D. Kirtley (U.S. Naval Research Laboratory), and D. A. Steinhurst (Nova Research, Inc.)
Vibrational Raman spectroscopy, IR emission spectroscopy and near IR thermal imaging coupled with voltammetry and impedance measurements was used to explore the effects of chlorine on electrolyte supported solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) performance and durability.  Ni-YSZ SOFC anodes were exposed to 110 ppm dry CH3Cl at 650°C and 700˚C for up to four hours while intermittently exposing the cell to either methane (CH4) or a biogas surrogate (methane/carbon dioxide; 50:50 by mole fraction) for ten minute intervals. In these experiments Raman spectroscopy was used to monitor carbon accumulation kinetics. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and linear sweep voltammetry (LSV) measurements performed with cells at 650˚C operating with CH4 (and exposed to CH­3Cl) showed marked degradation.  Degradation with biogas was even more aggressive.  In both instances, degradation was irreversible as removal of the chlorine source did not result in complete recovery of performance.  These findings stand in contrast to previously reported results of SOFCs operating with H2 in the presence of a chlorine contaminant.  Curiously, at 700˚C degradation slows significantly with cell performance diminishing slightly before reaching an asymptotic limit.  These results suggest that the presence of carbon facilitates formation of volatile nickel chloride species resulting in substantive damage to anode microstructure.