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Improved Performance for Lithium Excess Layered Oxides By Solid-State Surface Coatings

Monday, 30 May 2016: 15:00
Indigo Ballroom E (Hilton San Diego Bayfront)
K. J. Carroll, B. Li, and D. Strand (Wildcat Discovery Technologies)
The design of high voltage and high capacity cathode materials for lithium ion batteries are important for the pressing demand of electric vehicles and portable devices. Of the cathode materials, the lithium excess nickel manganese cobalt layered oxides (Li-Rich NMC), where the lithium-to-transition metal ratio is greater than 1, have been looked at as an alternative due to the possibility of utilizing more than 1 Li in the chemical formula unit which would significantly increase the capacity. However, despite much effort from researchers, the extensive commercial application of the lithium excess material is hindered by several deficiencies, namely the low initial coulombic efficiency, poor cycle life, and poor rate performance. These deficiencies have mainly been attributed to the complicated structural evolution and the formation of a cathode solid electrolyte interface (SEI) layer at the higher voltages (>4.5V). As a result of these surface features, many researchers have investigated the role of surface modification on improving the electrochemical properties. An effective strategy has been through chemical treatments and post-annealing steps to induce the formation of a surface spinel structure prior to electrochemical cycling, which has shown to improve the first cycle coulombic efficiency and rate performance. However, the first cycle coulombic efficiency and the associated cycle stability of these surface treated samples still need further improvement. In this work, at Wildcat Discovery Technologies, we investigate several families of surface coatings, prepared by solid- state synthesis techniques, and show that by modifying the surface coating we can greatly enhance the first cycle coulombic efficiency while also maintaining, or in some cases improving, the cycle stability and rate performance of the Li-Rich NMC material. Wildcat has evaluated the performance of hundreds of surface coatings and show that certain families tend to improve all metrics. In addition we show that certain families reduce gas generation during the first cycle as well as subsequent cycles over the pristine the Li-Rich NMC material.