Although a large number of reports on 2D flexible and stretchable energy storage devices have emerged within the past decade, 1D structure systems such as wires for higher flexibility, bio-compatibility and wearability have been desired for broader application of electronics. As a result of these requirements, wire-shaped devices among the cutting edge technologies in energy storage field are taking center stage for application to postmodern electronics and various fields such as fashion and culture. In view of mechanics, plane structures in 2D essentially have a unidirectional folding characteristics. On the other hand, wires with 1D structure have an omnidirectional serpentine structure in the other axes. In contrast to 2D planar formats, it is much easier for wire types to be integrated into more sophisticated structures such as woven textiles that can be used in our daily life.

 Although wire systems have a large structural potential, some fundamental obstacles hinder the use of wire-type energy storage. Electrochemical performances of wires are still underneath those of 2D plane cells. Many researchers have made efforts to overcome these barriers of wire-type energy storage devices. Most of them suggests ways to shape electrodes into cylindrical wires and a choice of material to maximize the performance as high as possible. In this study, however, we did not stick to using superb materials or constructing a cylinder, but theoretically analysed the origin of undefeatable charge-storage property of 2D plane over 1D wire. Based on this analysis we verified that a difference between wire-type and conventional planar supercapacitors induced the fundamental limits of wire-type supercapacitors. This limit is termed “energy lag effect.” With these derived information, we have first proposed the simultaneous incorporation of favorable electrochemical performance of 2D system and high flexibility of 1D system into solely one device. To exclude the identified limits, we designed a supercapacitor thread in unique structure that completely differs from conventional wire-type energy storage systems. The supercapacitor thread was designed as a dual plane-helix structure and proved not to show energy lag effects, experimentally or analytically.