We successfully fabricated Cu-CuO/TNT electrode by coating the Cu-CuO nanoparticles onto TiO2 nanotube arrays surface through electrochemical deposition method, which is easy to operate and fast procedure. After the electrochemical deposition, Cu-CuO nanoparticles with a diameter of ~200nm were well dispersed onto TNT surface, which then given a smooth interaction surface and a 3D nanostructure with high uniformity. The as prepared Cu-CuO/TNT electrode was then used for non-enzymatic in vitro detection of glucose in sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution. The non-enzymatic glucose sensor exhibits great analytical performance with wide linear range between 0.2-90mM, high sensitivity of 234 μA mM^-1cm^-2and low limit of detection of 0.019. Other than that, it also shows great selectivity toward glucose in presence of other interference species such as ascorbic acid(AA), dopamine(DA), uric acid(UA), lactose, sucrose, and fructose.

The wide linear range between 0.2-90mM of the sensor is really potential to be used for clinical and biopharmaceutical application. For diabetic patient, blood glucose concentrations can increase up to 40mM after glucose intake. For biopharmaceutical industry, glucose concentration can increase up to 80mM in the cell culture bioreactor. Current sensing platform described in a large part of scientific publication have little if no chance for application as their linear range is often outside the physiological range. In light of this information, the proposed non-enzymatic glucose sensor can be used for continuous monitoring of glucose in most applications.