The evolution of lithium (Li) batteries is being continuously demanded owing to the constant elevation of living standards in contemporary society and the continuous development of science and technology. To date, more than 20 countries have announced the full phase-out of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicle sales over the next 10‑30 years to reduce the air pollution and CO₂ emissions. Thus, electric vehicles (EVs) battery packs should achieve energy densities of approximately 235 Wh kg^-1 to succeed conventional car with an ICE. However, the development of the Li batteries that meet these requirements for such a high energy density is still challenging. Theoretically, next-generation Li anode-based battery such as Li metal, Li sulfur, and Li oxygen batteries can realize high energy density that is expected to succeed the driving range of ICE. However, these types of batteries cannot guarantee the sufficient service life at this time.

In this study, we demonstrated a new approach of using a controlled release system (CRS), which is generally used in biotechnology, in the Li battery to extend the lifespan. In Li batteries, it is generally known that the battery performance can be improved through the introduction of additives during initial assembly. Thus, we anticipated that a prolonged supply of the additive can provide groundbreaking improvement in the long-term stability of the high-energy-density batteries. By designing and implementing an appropriate CRS, we demonstrated the extended cycle life of LiNi_0.6Mn_0.2Co_0.2O₂/Li battery with the CRS system. The release behavior of the model active substance in the battery device and the corresponding effect was The effectiveness of CRS in the Li battery system was demonstrated.