Electrodes are essential for electrochemical analysis. Numerous bare electrodes and chemically modified electrodes have been utilized for electrochemical sensing. Common bare electrodes, such as platinum electrode, gold electrode and glassy carbon electrode, are relatively expensive. It requires good skills to fabricate chemically modified electrodes to get reproducible results.

In recent years, we have exploited the applications of some simple electrodes for electrochemical sensing and biosensing [1-5]. We have used stainless steel electrode for electrochemical detection and electrochemiluminescent detection of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, and the activity of glucose oxidase [1,2]. The automatic formation of passivation layer on stainless steel electrode not only results in unique electrochemical sensing performance but also avoid complex modification of electrode. We have also developed stainless steel electrode as a new driving electrode with low background for bipolar electrogenerated chemiluminescence [3]. Moreover, we have developed carbon paste electrodes as effective electrode for sensitive detection of sodium azide and cathodic electrochemiluminescence [4,5]. Finally, we have developed a wireless electrode array chip for wireless electrochemiluminescence analysis [6,7].

Acknowledgment

We are grateful for financial support from National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 22004116 and 21874126).

References

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[2] A. Kitte, W. Gao, Y. T. Zholudov, L. Qi, A. Nsabimana, Z. Liu, G. Xu. Anal. Chem., 2017, 89, 9864.

[3] Yuan, L. Qi, T. H. Fereja, D. V. Snizhko, Z. Liu, W. Zhang, G. Xu. Electrochim. Acta, 2018, 262, 182.

[4] Li, M. Han, F. Wu, A. Nsabimana, W. Zhang, J. Li, G. Xu. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2018, 410, 4953.

[5] Tian, S. Han, L. Hu, Y. Yuan, J. Wang, G. Xu. Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2013, 405, 3427.

[6] Qi, Y. Xia, W. Qi, W. Gao, F. Wu, G. Xu. Anal. Chem., 2016, 88, 1123.

[7] Qi, J. Lai, W. Gao, S. Li, S. Hanif, G. Xu. Anal. Chem., 2014, 86, 8927.