Electrolysis is seen by many as the ultimate solution for producing hydrogen with zero emission, assuming the electricity source to be without emission itself. Obviously this depends the context existing in each specific region of the world. This paper will focus on the Canadian context, its electrical generation characteristics, its Hydrogen strategy elements and examine what it would take to ensure the viability of electrolysis in this context. The discussion will bring those considerations down to technical R&D challenges to consider for electrolysis of the future. Lessons learned from R&D in Proton Exchange Membrane fuel cells will be included in the discussion.