market adoption. Fast charging of lithium-ion batteries is hindered by lithium plating on the graphite

electrode, which is detrimental to cell performance and safety. The process of lithium plating is not well

characterized, and detection of this phenomenon is challenging. Two-dimensional and post mortem

characterization techniques yield limited quantitative information, while the low attenuation contrast

between lithium and graphite makes lithium plating elusive to X-ray microscopy techniques.

In this work, we use synchrotron X-ray microtomography with a low-noise cell configuration to obtain

high-contrast in situ 3D imaging of lithium plating in fast charged graphite half cells. We characterize the

morphology of plated lithium and quantify its volume with segmentation. Furthermore, we determine

displacements and strains within the graphite electrode from lithiation using digital volume correlation.

We relate these observations to gain insight into the competition between graphite lithiation and

lithium plating during fast charging.