Defect engineering, such as manipulating oxygen vacancies (OVs), which can alter the local structure and electronic properties of metal oxides, has attracted increasing attention for improving the charge-storage performance of electrode materials. In this work, a high-pressure hydrogenation method was developed to fabricate oxygen-deficient TiO₂. Two TiO₂ phases, namely rutile (TiO₂-R) and anatase (TiO₂-A), and their hydrogenated phases (denoted with the prefix “H”) are investigated as sodium-ion battery (SIB) anodes. The charge-discharge properties of both phases can be significantly enhanced via the hydrogenation treatment. The introduction of OVs increases the electronic and ionic conductivity of TiO₂, and the disordered TiO₂ provides more electro-active sites for sodiation/desodiation reactions. For the first time, electrochemcial properties of the H-TiO₂-R and H-TiO₂-A electrodes are systematically compared. The H-TiO₂-A electrode exhibits an excellent high-rate capacity of 100 mAh g^–1 at 10000 mA g^–1 and great cycling stability of 80% capacity retention after 4500 cycles. The superior performance is well supported by a generalized gradient approximation Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof density functional calculation. The proposed anode and material modification strategy have great potential for high-power and high-durability SIB applications.