MXenes can be used in batteries and supercapacitors for various purposes, including double-layered ion storage, redox-type ion storage, ion transfer regulation, steric hindrance, ion redistribution, electrocatalysts, electrodeposition substrates, etc. These materials perform a variety of functions in batteries and supercapacitors, including ion storage and redox-type ion storage, ion transfer regulation, steric hindrance, ion redistribution, electrocatalysts, electrodeposition substrates, and so on. This review discusses the effects of the MXene bulk and surface chemistries across various energy storage devices and clarify the correlations between their chemical properties and their use. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities associated with MXene-based energy storage systems for future use.