In the last two decades, Bragg Coherent X-ray Diffraction Imaging (BCDI) has become a powerful nanoscale characterization technique [1]. Its extreme sensitivity to lattice displacements enables to image three-dimensional morphology as well as internal deformation field distribution of nano- or micro-scaled various materials. In-situ and operando capabilities have been combined to BCDI to address scientific questions on materials under realistic conditions. Nowadays, in-situ/operando BCDI on electrochemistry successfully shows strain evolution and dislocation dynamics inside materials.

In this talk, I will introduce current state-of-the-art of BCDI and the 34-ID-C beamline in the Advanced Photon Source which is dedicated to BCDI. This talk will also cover recent experimental results on in-situ/operando BCDI, for example, electrochemical dissolution/deposition [2] and battery materials during charging/discharging cycles [3,4].

[1] M. A. Pfeifer, et al., Nature 442, 63 (2006).

[2] Y. Liu, et al., Nano Lett. 17, 1595 (2017).

[3] A. Ulvestad, et al., Science 348, 1344 (2015).

[4] A. Singer, et al., Nat. Energy 3, 641 (2018).