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Sulfone-Based Electrolytes for Next Generation Lithium Batteries

Wednesday, 6 March 2019
Areas Adjacent to the Forum (Scripps Seaside Forum)
M. A. Schroeder (U.S. Army Research Laboratory), J. Alvarado (U.S. Army Research Laboratory, University of California - San Diego), M. Zhang (University of California, San Diego), M. Olguin (University of California, San Diego, US Army Research Laboratory), M. S. Ding, O. Borodin (U.S. Army Research Laboratory), Y. S. Meng (University of California, San Diego), and K. C. Xu (U.S. Army Research Laboratory)
An electrolyte system based on a sulfone solvent will be presented, outlining a newly discovered synergy between solvent and salt that simultaneously addresses the interfacial requirements of coupling a graphitic anode with a high voltage spinel cathode (LNMO). At the anode, a LiF-rich interphase generated by early-onset reduction of the salt anion effectively suppresses solvent co-intercalation and subsequent graphite exfoliation, enabling unprecedented and highly reversible graphite cycling in a pure sulfone system. Under aggressively oxidative conditions, QC calculations predict that high salt concentration promotes formation of complexes/aggregates which slow the decomposition of the solvent and leads to polymerizable rather than gaseous byproducts--a fundamental improvement over conventional electrolytes. These predictions are corroborated by an in-depth analysis of these functional interphases, as well as stable, long term operation of high voltage (4.85V) LNMO-graphite full cells.