Among advanced energy storage technologies, Li-ion batteries have been explored as power sources for various types of important applications, such as portable electric devices and electrical vehicles. Owing to the low abundance of lithium in the Earth's crust (0.0065%), large-scale applications of Li-ion batteries become questionable, especially if low cost and high efficient recycling technology could not be developed. Alternatively, Na-ion batteries are bound to being come up for energy storage, particularly as stationary batteries for smart grid, solar and wind energies, for which the demanding on energy densities of the power sources is not so seriously. On the basis of our recent development of  superior low-cost cathode and anode materials [1-14], we are able to make the Na-ion pouch cells. In this presentation, we will show the electrochemical and safety performance of Na-ion pouch cells. Furthermore, the materials cost of our Na-ion pouch cell is also estimated and compared with LiMn2O4/graphite and LiFePO4/graphite systems.

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