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Doped Li2CuO2 Cathode for Li Ion Batteries

Tuesday, 21 June 2016
Riverside Center (Hyatt Regency)

ABSTRACT WITHDRAWN

Li ion batteries is one of the emerging technologies that might have a broad use in electric and hybrid vehicles; however, it is of primordial importance to formulate high capacity electrodes obtained from readily available sources. Lithium cuprates have been studied for more than twenty years, the reason being is the high theoretical capacity (490 mAh/g) which is much higher than that  of the largely used cathode materials LiCoO2 and LiFePO4. The structural transitions from Li2CuO2 to CuO2 upon delithiation (charging) and then to LiCuO2 and Li2CuO2 upon discharge are very dramatic leading to loss capacity on the very first charging cycle. To the date no reports have been published on the maximum capacity that can be reached with Li2CuO2 as function of electrode preparation variables, the potential window for charge/discharge and C-rate. The determination of the maximum capacity at several conditions is of primordial importance in order to propose possible niche applications and alternative routes to improve the reversibility of the system. We have found that the preparation under inert atmosphere is of primordial importance in order to enhance the capacity, since the mixing, coating and drying under air atmosphere accelerate the transformation of Li2CuO2 to LiO2 and CuO2i n the lapse of minutes. Moreover the electrode calendaring  process (usually carried out on air) diminishes  the maximum capacity on the first cycle and leads to the reduction to the capacity up to 20 mAh/g during the first ten cycles at a C/15 rate and in the range of 1.5-4.3 V (Li+/Li0). On the other hand if the calendaring process is replaced by pressing at 6 ton/cm2 the capacity after ten cycles is as high as 150 mAh/g at C/15. However, in order to obtain stable capacity up to 100 cyles, the operation potentials  should be diminished  from 1.5-4.3 V to 2.2-3.8 V (Li+/Li0), in this situation 100 mAh/g are obtained after 100 cycles suffering no affectation on the structural stability of the material. Further modification on the synthesis by Co, Mg and Fe doping are being under study, preliminary results indicate that the insertion of the ions between the layer of Li2CuO2 improve the reversibility, enhancing the capacity up to 10% of the value of maximum value obtained with pure Li2CuO2.