This paper first explores the current state-of-the-art in the removal of ions from brackish water using electrokinetic processes, as well as identifying emerging technologies and potential advances via materials science, process engineering, and system integration. Then, we focus on two major types of electrokinetic processes for brackish water desalination: electrodialysis (and electrodeionization) and capacitive deionization. Lastly, we discuss the balance between energy efficiency and throughput in the context of large-scale deployment of a desalination plant to address the associated challenges in water and energy nexus.