Herein, we report a phosphorus/carbon composite anode material which was successfully employed as the anode in seawater batteries, showing good cycling stability with high reversible capacities exceeding 920 mAh g-1composite with coulombic efficiencies over 92% for 80 cycles and good rate capabilities. These results show that the seawater battery system would be a new way to overcome the limitations caused by the use of high-capacity alloying reaction-based anodes in existing batteries with a closed system. The full cell system configuration problem caused by low coulombic efficiencies using alloying reaction anode materials were solved through the seawater batteries by supplying unlimited Na-ions. Therefore, these results represent an important step toward practical application of the sodium-based seawater battery technology.