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Preparation of Composites of Nano-Silicon and Spherical Natural Graphite for Li-Ion Batteries By a Drop-in Technology

Wednesday, 16 May 2018: 17:20
Room 608 (Washington State Convention Center)
M. Toupin, V. Gauthier, F. Perrin-Sarazin, X. Zhao, O. Naboka, C. H. Yim, J. Y. Huot, and Y. Abu-Lebdeh (National Research Council Canada)
We will describe a methodology to prepare nano-Si / natural graphite composite using an established transformation manufacturing process without significant changes to the initial process flow, thus minimizing the cost of implementation. First, a baseline was established by investigating half-cells made with anode using a mixture of coated spherical natural graphite, nano-Si and LiPAA binder. Then, a composite of graphite / nano-Si was prepared by carbonizing a dry mixture of spherical graphite, nano-Si and petroleum pitch. The silicon content was below 20 wt.% toward graphite and the pitch-to-nano-Si was optimized. Following these guidelines, a series of Si/graphite composites were prepared by first performing a spheronization process to a dry mixture of natural graphite flakes, nano-Si and carbon precursors to disperse the silicon in the core and on the surface of the graphite matrix. Followed by a carbonization step to form the amorphous carbon coating simultaneously on the graphite and nano-Si surface. The morphology and chemical composition of the composites' surface was investigated using XPS, SEM and HRTEM and the possible formation of silicon oxides or carbides was evaluated by XRD. Tap density, surface area and PSD were performed to assess if the prepared powders reached the battery grade specifications. The composites show very high reversible capacity when evaluated in coin-type, Li-ion half cells.