Recently, we have developed a series of robust, nanobiotechnology-based electrochemical biosensing approaches with high sensitivity, and reproducibility toward the simultaneous multiplex detection and classification of both acute myeloid leukemia and acute lymphocytic leukemia cells, quantitative evaluation of DR4/DR5 expression on leukemia cell surface, dual-channel detection of matrixmetalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) in human serum as well as ultrasensitive circulating tumor cells (CTCs) electrochemical cytosensing using Fe3O4@AuPd nanocages as the nonenzymatic nanoelectrocatalysts . Self-powered biosensor based on enzyme biofuel cell (EBFC) was another kind of super-sensitive self-contained sensing system which was powered by EBFC, meanwhile, the output of EBFC was directly related to the analyte concentration. The system was capable of detecting cancer cells, quantifying two types of cancer-related biomarkers (miR-21 and miR-141). Furthermore, we have developed a self-powered cascading integrated system for tumor diagnosis, therapy, and prognosis supervision. These versatile electrochemical biosensing platforms hold great promise as new point-of-care diagnostic tools for early detections and are believed to be of great clinical value for the evaluation of therapeutic effects on patients after radiation therapy or drug treatment, moreover, provide potential opportunity for developing economical preclinical theranostic platform.