As attractive energy storage technologies to integrate renewable resources and electric transportation, lithium-ion batteries are undergoing unprecedented rapid development. However, the intrinsic toxicity of rechargeable batteries arising from their use of toxic materials is potentially environmentally hazardous. Here, we provide a systematic overview of lithium-ion batteries recycling from a sustainable perspective. New challenges and future prospects for battery sustainability are also highlighted.We present state-of-the-art fundamental research and industrial technologies related to battery recycling, with a special focus on lithium-ion battery recycling. Finally, 4H strategy for battery recycling with the aims of high efficiency, high economic return, high environmental benefit, and high safety are proposed.