Over the last several years, there has been a renewed interest in electrosynthesis. However, frequently electrocatalysts are needed to improve the selectivity and lower the overpotential for product production. This paper will detail the use of electrocatalysts and electrocatalytic cascades for electrosynthesis. This talk will include a discussion of direct and mediated bioelectrocatalysis, as well as direct and mediated electrocatalysis. Special attention will focus on the need for proton coupled redox mediators, as well as the strategies for immobilization of small molecule redox mediators. This talk will discuss electrosynthesis applications that range from the production of ammonia to hydrocarbons to high value pharmaceutical pre-cursors.