Fuel cells have long promised to bring high efficiency to the production of energy. In practice, fuel cells have been limited to hydrogen systems, where the high diffusivity of hydrogen through membranes allows high current densities. Hydrogen based fuel cells pose three major limitations: the requirement of expensive catalysts, the expensive or dangerous shipping of hydrogen, and the limitation to the single fuel that is hydrogen. Alternatives are present in the form of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs), which are composed of earth abundant materials, and may utilize arbitrary fuels. Despite the prospects of SOFCs, their deployment has been limited by low current densities caused by the slow diffusion of oxygen through SOFC membranes. A scientific solution to the problem of low current density was found in the form of Colossal Ion Conductivity (CIC), where large changes in ion conductivity were observed in heterolayer environments. Both because of the complexity of this problem, and the importance of it as a technological solution, CIC immediately became hotly debated, with several researchers offered mechanistic hypotheses.