Future prospects for nanotechnology and biomaterials in medical applications appear to be excellent. In orthopedic applications, there is a significant need and demand for the development of a bone implant that is bioactive and exhibits mechanical and surface properties comparable with those of natural, healthy bone. This need arises from the fact that in 2009, $17.2 billion was spent on approximately 1.1 million joint replacement surgeries. The number of such procedures is forecast to be 3.8 million per year by 2030 with corresponding rise in cost burden. This sharp increase stems from an aging population as well as the more frequent use of orthopedic implants in the treatment of severe degenerative and arthritic conditions. Implant failure, either directly or indirectly, is most often caused by loosening (osteolysis) at the bone-prosthesis interface. Implant loosening is the major complication in total joint replacement. Currently, the only option available for countering loosened implant is revision surgery that presents additional clinical challenges due to complexity of the procedure as well as compromised osteogenic local environment due to osteolysis related events. A more attractive and effective approach is to enhance bone regeneration around the implant at the earlier stages to yield higher fixation strength and longevity. Therefor, there is a significant need and demand for the development of a bone implant that is bioactive and exhibits mechanical and surface properties comparable with those of natural, healthy bone. We have successfully modified the surface of orthopedic and dental implants using electrochemical anodization to produce TiO₂ nanotubes that exhibit the ability to mimic the dimensions of constituent components of natural bone. We have shown implants modified by TiO₂ nanotubes promote osteointegration and can be a successful alternative to conventional implants. In addition, medical implants such as orthopedic, dental, pacemakers, and vascular stents may require subsequent drug therapy regimens to prevent infection, or decrease inflammation. Drug release derived directly from the implant surface rather than systematically can reduce unnecessary side effects and increase efficiency. We have used reverse electrochemical anodization to embed TiO₂ nanotube textured implants with minimal amounts of 10nm silver nanoparticles and then tested them against E-Coli, and P-gingivalis bacteria. Our results show that not only can promise to enhance osseointegration but also can fight infection and eliminate chronic inflammation and provide a clinical benefit for a broad range of implant-needing patients.