Pd/C (30.7 wt%-Pd, Ishifuku Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was used as core material. The catalyst ink was prepared by mixing Pd/C with distilled water, 1-propanol, and Nafion® solution. The ink was coated on a carbon paper (CP) with a microporous layer (MPL). The fabricated catalyst layer was immersed in deaerated 0.5 M H2SO4 solution. After cleaning the electrode by CV, the catalyst layer was immersed in 50 mM CuSO4 + 0.5 M H2SO4 solution, and Cu was deposited on Pd particles by chronoamperometry (CA) at 0.1 V versus Ag/AgCl for 30 minutes. The catalyst layer was then immersed in 5 mM K2PtCl4 + 0.5 M H2SO4 solution to obtain Pd@Pt/C catalyst layer. This process was repeated for 1-3 times. The obtained catalyst layer and Pt/C carbon paper were hot-pressed onto each side of the Nafion membrane to fabricate MEA. Terminal voltage vs. current density of the MEA was measured at 80˚C.
IR-free polarization curves of MEA using Pd@Pt/C catalyst layer (0.04 mg-Pt/cm2) and MEA using Pt/C (0.30 mg-Pt/cm2) are shown in Fig. 1. Since the loading amount of Pt was not the same, mass activity of each MEA calculated from the current density at the IR-free terminal voltage of 800 mV are shown in Table 1. The mass activity of Pd@Pt/C 2SLRR was 1.8 times higher than that of Pt/C. This result is similar to the mass activity reported by Inaba et al. for MEA using Pd @Pt/C prepared by “modified Cu-UPD method”. Therefore, it is considered that this novel method is effective to produce core-shell catalyst layers with performance comparable to that prepared by the conventional method.
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO), Japan.
References
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- M. Inaba, et al., J. Jpn. Petrol. Inst., 58, 55 (2015)