The annual available chitin in freshwater and marine ecosystems is roughly 600 and 1,600 million tons, respectively. Even though the United States is among the three largest seafood markets in the world, 85% of US seafood consumption depends on importation and only 5% is from US aquaculture production. Taking shrimp aquaculture for example; shrimp meat is pealed for food consumption, currently the main profit source, and the large amounts of shrimp shells are treated as waste and thrown away (at a cost), leading to environmental pollution. What if the shrimp shell waste is turned into valuable products and becomes the main source of profit?
Chitin and its deacetylated derivative, chitosan can be manufactured into many forms (fibers, films, high surface area nanomats, beads, hydrogels) and can be used in different industrial sectors such as water treatment, food processing, agriculture, nutrition, cosmetics, and medical applications. Due to chitin’s non-toxicity, non-allergenicity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and bioactivity, diverse medicinal applications of chitin include both pharmacological and biotechnological materials and products. Emerging end-use biomedical applications include organ dressings, vascular implants, burn dressings, structural surgical implants, bio-textiles, and bone growth scaffolds, among others. Chitin can provide millions of dollars in revenues and have a significant impact on the economy if it is effectively isolated and used in high value products. This presentation will discuss this one example that illustrates the importance of the IL research in shell waste biomass processing and ultimately in delivering materials suitable for a myriad of applications that are still to be discovered. Development of such technologies requires creative thinking, changing the way we look at existing technologies, and push society away from a dependence on oil that grows steadily.