Li metal is seen as the ultimate anode for LIBs due to its extremely high theoretical energy density (3860 mAh g^-1) and low negative redox potential (-3.04 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode). Making Li metal a ubiquitous anode is the key in propelling energy storage and conversion systems. It is one of the key components that will further the development of next-generation batteries, such as Li-S, Li-O_2, and high energy density batteries (500Wh/kg) for the automotive industry. One way to address the dendritic growth and low coloumbic efficiency of the Li metal, is to focus on the electrolyte to form a robust and stable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI). There are several types of electrolytes that one can use for Li metal, each serving its purpose to fulfill a need in high voltage and low voltage applications.

Herein, the focus on electrolytes for both high and low voltage applications. Simple electrolyte formulations containing LiFSI, yield a robust and stable SEI that is primarily composed of inorganic functionalities due to salt reduction. A bisalt formulations yield high plating and stripping efficiencies (98.5 at 0.5mA/cm²), even higher efficiencies at elevated temperatures. We further demonstrate the use of a high concentrated carbonate based electrolyte in a high voltage anode free and half cell that out performs the conventional carbonate electrolyte.