One class of biopolymers which have shown encouraging results are derivates of alginic acid. Most commonly applied as water soluble Na salts, alginates have shown encouraging results in accommodating the volume changes and hence can improve the cyclability of Si based electrodes. [1-3] Most published studies describe the alginates they are using rather incompletely. Alginic acid consists of the two epimers D-mannuronic acid (M) and L-guluronic acid (G). The content and distribution of the repetition units have a strong impact on the 3D structure and hence the properties. Furthermore, the chain length influences the properties of the corresponding alginates. Another crucial factor is the pH of the binder solution, which influences the degree of protonation of the carboxyl groups of the alginate. Protonated carboxyl groups ease esterification of the alginate with the native oxide layer on the Si surface which has a strong influence on the binding strength. [4]
This systematic study addresses the effect of pH, Mw and M/G ratio of Na alginates as a binding agent for high capacity Si anodes using commercially available materials. The examined electrodes consisted of Si as main active material, Graphite and carbon black as conductivity enhancers and different Na alginates as binding agents. Na alginates with different Mw and M/G ratio were supplied by FMC BioPolymer AS (DuPont) and a commercially available battery grade Si (Silgrain ®, e-Si 400) was provided by ELKEM AS Technology.
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