Advanced electrocatalysts are critical to polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) and have apparently been influencing the widespread commercialization process of fuel cell cars in the world. As a matter of fact, currently, we are still confronting major issues for the development of desired electrocatalysts. In this talk, benchmark evaluation of electrocatalysts, platinum-based electrocatalysts for practical applications, non-platinum electrocatalysts toward alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction and oxygen reduction reaction will be discussed.