Maintaining structural stability is a great challenge for high-capacity conversion electrodes with large volume change, but is necessary for the development of high-energy-density, long-cycling batteries.^[1-3]Here, we report a stable phosphorus anode for sodium-ion batteries by the synergistic use of chemically bonded phosphorus-conducting polymer hybrid and cross-linked polymer binder. The phosphorus-conducting polymer hybrid was synthesized through ball-milling of red phosphorus and functionalized polyacrylonitrile. The P-O(S)-C bonds formed in this process help maintain contact between phosphorus and CNTs, leading to a durable hybrid. As a result, this anode delivers a high initial capacity and excellent cycling stability, along with a high Coulombic efficiency of ~99%. The unique electrode framework through chemical bonding strategy reported here is potentially inspirable for other electrode materials with large volume change in use.

References

[1] W. Luo, F. Shen, C. Bommier, H. Zhu, X. Ji, L. Hu, Acc. Chem. Res. 2016, 49, 231.

[2] J. Song, Z. Yu, M. L. Gordin, S. Hu, R. Yi, D. Tang, T. Walter, M. Regula, D. Choi, X. Li, A. Manivannan, D. Wang, Nano Lett. 2014, 14, 6329.

[3] J. Song, Z. Yu, M. L. Gordin, X. Li, H. Peng, D. Wang, ACS Nano 2015.